And I do further swear (or affirm) that, to the best of my knowledge and ability, I will support and defend the Constitution of the United States, against all enemies, foreign and domestic that I will bear true faith and allegiance to the same that I take this obligation freely, without any mental reservation or purpose of evasion, and that I will well and faithfully discharge the duties of the office on which I am about to enter, so help me God. B., do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I have never voluntarily borne arms against the United States since I have been a citizen thereof that I have voluntarily given no aid, countenance, counsel, or encouragement to persons engaged in armed hostility thereto that I have neither sought nor accepted nor attempted to exercise the functions of any office whatever, under any authority or pretended authority in hostility to the United States that I have not yielded a voluntary support to any pretended government, authority, power or constitution within the United States, hostile or inimical thereto. Southern conservative Democrats were angered to have been disenfranchised.
Given the temporary disenfranchisement of the numerous Confederate veterans and local civic leaders, a new Republican biracial coalition came to power in the eleven Southern states during Reconstruction. The Republicans intended to prevent political activity of ex-Confederate soldiers and supporters by requiring all voters and officials to swear they had never supported the Confederacy. The Ironclad Oath was an oath promoted by Radical Republicans and opposed by President Abraham Lincoln during the American Civil War.
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